Solid State detectors (SSD) based on semiconductors, and in particular silicon detectors, are used in almost all particle physics experiments. Since they can be easily segmented using standard photolithographic techniques, they can achieve superb position resolution and play a key role in measuring primary and secondary vertices and tracking charged particles. Silicon is also used as an active medium in particle flow calorimeters to associate showers with tracks from trackers and track showers as they develop in the calorimeter.

Revolutionary improvements of SSD performance are needed to match the requirements of future experiments. All-silicon trackers are required for future hadron colliders such as FCC-hh and are one of the most competitive options also for e+e− Higgs factories.